soil liquefaction

Soil liquefaction occurs when saturated, loose, sandy soils lose their strength and stiffness during an earthquake. The shaking causes water between soil particles to rise, increasing pressure and reducing contact between particles. As a result, the soil behaves like a liquid rather than a solid, making it unable to support structures. This can lead to ground subsidence, tilting or collapsing buildings, and other damage. Liquefaction is most common in areas with loose, waterlogged soils and intense seismic activity, posing significant risks to infrastructure and safety during earthquakes.