Soil bulk density

Soil bulk density measures how tightly packed the soil particles are in a given volume. It is calculated by dividing the dry weight of soil by its total volume, including pores and spaces between particles. A lower bulk density indicates more pore space, which allows better water and air movement essential for healthy plant roots. Conversely, higher bulk density suggests compacted soil, making it harder for roots to grow and access nutrients. This measurement helps assess soil health and its ability to support plant growth, guiding land management and agricultural practices for optimal soil conditions.