sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX)

The sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) is a vital protein in cell membranes, especially in heart and nerve cells. Its main function is to maintain proper calcium levels inside the cell, crucial for cell signaling and function. It operates by using the movement of sodium ions (Na+) into the cell to remove calcium ions (Ca²⁺) from the cell. This exchange helps regulate calcium concentrations, ensuring cells can respond appropriately to signals like muscle contractions or nerve impulses. In essence, NCX acts as a molecular switch that helps keep calcium levels balanced by exchanging sodium and calcium ions across the cell membrane.