sociological theories of gangs

Sociological theories of gangs explore how social environments influence gang formation and behavior. Strain theory suggests that lack of access to opportunities causes individuals to join gangs as an alternative. Social disorganization theory attributes gang activity to neighborhood instability, weakening social control. Subcultural theory sees gangs as creating their own norms and identities, often opposing mainstream values. Labeling theory emphasizes how societal labels can reinforce gang identity and behavior. Overall, these theories highlight that gangs are rooted in social, economic, and community factors, not just individual choice.