Soaps

Soaps are cleaning agents made through a chemical process called saponification, where fats or oils react with lye (a strong alkaline solution) to produce soap and glycerol. They work by helping water and oils mix, allowing dirt and grease to be broken down and washed away. Soaps have molecules with a hydrophobic (water-hating) tail that binds to oils and a hydrophilic (water-loving) head that connects to water, effectively lifting dirt from surfaces or skin. They are essential for sanitation, personal hygiene, and cleaning tasks across various settings.