Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used to simulate fluids and gases by representing them as particles. Each particle carries properties like mass, position, and velocity, and interacts with neighboring particles based on mathematical functions called kernels. These interactions approximate fluid behaviors such as flow, pressure, and turbulence over time. SPH is widely used in fields like astrophysics, engineering, and computer graphics because it naturally handles complex, dynamic systems without needing fixed grids, making it flexible for modeling phenomena like star formation, ocean waves, or realistic explosions.