small RNA molecules

Small RNA molecules are tiny pieces of genetic material that help control how genes are expressed in living cells. They are usually only a few dozen nucleotides long and work by binding to specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are the molecules that carry genetic instructions from DNA to produce proteins. By binding to mRNAs, small RNAs can prevent these instructions from being used, effectively turning genes on or off. This regulation is crucial for processes like development, immune response, and maintaining normal cell functions. Examples include microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).