SM (Standard Model)

The Standard Model (SM) is the fundamental theory describing how the basic building blocks of matter interact through fundamental forces. It identifies particles called quarks and leptons as matter constituents, and force-carrying particles like photons and gluons that mediate electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces. The SM successfully explains a wide range of phenomena and predicts particles like the Higgs boson. However, it doesn't include gravity or dark matter, so scientists continue researching to develop a more complete understanding of the universe's fundamental workings.