slow sand filter

A slow sand filter is a simple method used to clean water by passing it slowly through a bed of fine sand. As water moves through, tiny organisms and particles, including harmful bacteria and viruses, are removed. A thin layer of natural, biological material called the "schmutzdecke" forms on the top of the sand, helping to trap contaminants effectively. This process requires minimal energy and maintenance, making it an efficient way to produce clean drinking water in small communities or rural areas. It’s a natural, environmentally friendly way to improve water quality safely.