Siwalik Hills

The Siwalik Hills, also known as the Outer Himalayas, are a series of mountain ranges located in northern India, Nepal, and parts of Pakistan and Bhutan. They consist of layered sediments and fossils that were uplifted over millions of years through tectonic activity. These hills are geologically younger than the main Himalayan ranges and are characterized by rolling, forested slopes and deep valleys. They serve as important water sources, host diverse flora and fauna, and are crossed by several rivers, making them vital for the region’s ecology and human settlements.