Sine wave

A sine wave is a smooth, repetitive oscillation that describes how a quantity varies over time or space. It resembles a gentle, flowing wave with a consistent pattern of rising and falling values, often used to model periodic phenomena like sound vibrations, alternating electrical currents, or natural rhythms. Mathematically, it is defined by the sine function, producing a predictable, symmetrical curve that repeats at regular intervals. Its smooth, continuous shape makes it fundamental in understanding wave behavior across physics, engineering, and signal processing.