Sine

Sine is a mathematical function that relates the angles of a right triangle to the ratios of its side lengths. Specifically, for a given angle, sine is the ratio of the length of the side opposite that angle to the length of the hypotenuse (the longest side). In broader terms, sine describes periodic, wave-like patterns and is fundamental in fields like physics, engineering, and signal processing for analyzing oscillations, waves, and rotations. It helps quantify how quantities change smoothly and predictably over time or space, based on the angle or phase involved.