Silicon Wafer Fabrication

Silicon wafer fabrication is the process of creating integrated circuits on thin slices of silicon, called wafers. It begins with pure silicon crystals sliced into wafers, which are then cleaned and polished. Using advanced techniques like photolithography, layers of materials such as metals and insulating films are precisely added, patterned, and etched to form tiny electronic components like transistors. This complex process involves numerous steps to build intricate circuits that enable modern electronic devices like computers and smartphones. Ultimately, the wafer is cut into individual chips, ready to be assembled into electronic products.