silicon fabrication techniques

Silicon fabrication involves creating integrated circuits by depositing and patterning thin layers of materials on silicon wafers. Techniques include photolithography, where light is used to transfer circuit designs onto the wafer, and etching, which removes unwanted material to form tiny structures. Depositing methods like chemical vapor deposition (CVD) add layers of materials. Doping introduces impurities to modify electrical properties. These steps are repeated multiple times to build complex semiconductor devices, enabling the production of microchips used in electronics. The process requires precise control, clean environments, and advanced equipment to create the tiny, intricate components needed for modern technology.