significant contributions to cosmology

Cosmology has advanced through key discoveries like Edwin Hubble’s observation that galaxies are moving away, proving the universe is expanding. The Big Bang theory describes this origin, supported by the cosmic microwave background radiation—faint echoes of the early universe. Understanding dark matter and dark energy has explained galaxy rotation and accelerated expansion. Precision measurements from telescopes and satellites have refined our knowledge of the universe’s age, composition, and structure. These contributions have profoundly deepened our understanding of cosmic origins, evolution, and the fundamental forces shaping everything we observe.