Signal Transduction pathways

Signal transduction pathways are the processes by which cells receive and respond to signals from their environment. When a signaling molecule, like a hormone or neurotransmitter, attaches to a cell’s surface, it triggers a series of internal steps that amplify the message and lead to a specific response, such as gene activation or changing cell behavior. These pathways help cells communicate, adapt, and coordinate functions within the body, ensuring proper growth, immune response, and homeostasis. They are essential for maintaining healthy function and responding to changes both inside and outside the body.