Sigmoid

The sigmoid function is a mathematical curve shaped like an "S" that transforms input values into a range between 0 and 1. It is commonly used in statistics and machine learning to model probabilities. For example, if you were predicting whether an email is spam or not, the sigmoid function helps convert the raw data into a probability score. Values below a certain threshold indicate one outcome (like "not spam"), while those above indicate the opposite (like "spam"). This characteristic makes it useful in various applications, including logistic regression and neural networks.