Siemens-Martin process

The Siemens-Martin process, also known as open-hearth steelmaking, is a method for producing high-quality steel by melting scrap and raw materials in a large, regenerative furnace. It allows precise control of the composition and temperature, enabling the addition of elements like carbon, manganese, and others to achieve the desired steel properties. The process operates at high temperatures with the furnace open to the air or a protective gas, and it can run for many hours, ensuring thorough refining. This method was historically important for producing large quantities of consistent, high-grade steel before more modern techniques replaced it.