Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)

The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is a technique used to analyze signals, especially in audio and communication. It breaks a signal into small, overlapping segments and transforms each segment into the frequency domain using Fourier transforms. This way, we can see how the frequency content of a signal changes over time, capturing both time and frequency information. The result is a two-dimensional representation, often visualized as a spectrogram, which shows how different frequencies are present in a signal at different times. This method is useful for understanding complex sounds and signals in various applications.