Shapley value theorem

The Shapley value theorem is a method from cooperative game theory that fairly distributes a total payoff among players based on their individual contributions. It considers all possible ways players can form teams and calculates each player’s average contribution to the total outcome across these scenarios. This ensures that everyone is rewarded fairly based on their actual input, even when their roles are different or when they join a team at different times. Essentially, the Shapley value provides a systematic way to assign credit or rewards proportionally to each participant’s importance in achieving the overall result.