Shang Scripture (Shang Shu)

The Shang Scripture, or Shang Shu (Book of Documents), is one of China's oldest classical texts, comprising historical official records, speeches, and philosophical reflections from ancient Chinese rulers and ministers. It offers insights into early governance, moral principles, and societal values from the Shang and early Zhou dynasties. Often studied as a foundation for Chinese political philosophy, it emphasizes virtue, legitimacy, and the Mandate of Heaven. As a key Confucian classic, the Shang Shu helped shape Chinese ideas about leadership, ethics, and statecraft, remaining influential in Chinese intellectual tradition for centuries.