shading

Shading in art and design refers to the technique of creating the illusion of depth, volume, and light on a surface by varying the darkness and lightness of areas. It involves applying gradients, shadows, and highlights to simulate how light interacts with objects, making flat images appear three-dimensional. Proper shading helps convey textures, form, and spatial relationships, enhancing realism or artistic expression. The goal is to guide the viewer’s eye and evoke a sense of depth, making two-dimensional work feel more lifelike and visually compelling.