SGP4 (Simplified General Perturbations Model 4)

SGP4 (Simplified General Perturbations Model 4) is a computer model used to predict the movement of satellites orbiting Earth. It takes into account factors like gravity, atmospheric drag, and Earth's shape to estimate a satellite’s position over time. Built on detailed physics but simplified for practicality, SGP4 generates orbital forecasts from Two-Line Element (TLE) data, which are compact updates about a satellite's orbit. This model is widely used for tracking satellites, ensuring collision avoidance, and supporting space operations.