Sex Differentiation

Sex differentiation is the biological process by which the reproductive organs, chromosomes (like XX for females and XY for males), and physical characteristics develop distinctly in males and females. It begins with the influence of genes and hormones, especially testosterone and estrogen, which guide the development of structures such as testes or ovaries during fetal growth. This process typically occurs during early development in the womb, shaping the body’s sexual traits and reproductive system. Overall, sex differentiation ensures that individuals develop the anatomical and physiological features associated with their biological sex.