Sequence alignment algorithms

Sequence alignment algorithms compare biological sequences, like DNA, RNA, or proteins, to identify regions of similarity. These similarities can indicate functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships. The algorithms systematically arrange sequences to maximize matching characters (bases or amino acids) while allowing for gaps or mismatches to account for mutations or differences. Techniques like dynamic programming help find the best alignment efficiently. This process helps scientists understand how sequences are related, how functions evolve, or how to identify specific genes. Essentially, sequence alignment reveals the best way to line up biological sequences to highlight their similarities and differences.