separation of isotopes

Separation of isotopes involves distinguishing and isolating atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different masses. Techniques like gas diffusion or centrifugation use physical properties affected by mass. For example, in centrifugation, a spinning device creates a strong force that pushes heavier isotopes outward more than lighter ones, allowing them to be collected separately. This process is essential for producing enriched isotopes, such as in nuclear fuel, where a higher concentration of specific isotopes like uranium-235 is needed for energy or research.