semiconductor theory

Semiconductor theory explains materials that have electrical conductivity between conductors (like metals) and insulators (like rubber). Semiconductors, such as silicon, can conduct electricity under certain conditions, which can be controlled by adding tiny impurities—a process called doping. This controlled conductivity allows semiconductors to function as the foundation for electronic devices like computers and smartphones. By manipulating how electrons move through their structure, semiconductors enable the creation of switches (transistors) and other components essential for digital technology. Their unique properties make them vital for modern electronics, balancing conductivity and control in complex circuits.