Semiconductor Manufacturing Process

Semiconductor manufacturing involves creating tiny electronic circuits, called chips, inside silicon wafers. The process starts with purifying silicon and forming wafers, which are then coated with a light-sensitive material. Engineers use a series of precise steps—like shining light through masks to etch patterns, adding thin layers of materials, and removing excess—to build complex structures at microscopic scales. These steps include photolithography, doping, etching, and layering. Once completed, wafers are cut into individual chips, tested, and packaged for use in electronic devices like computers and smartphones. This meticulous process enables the production of powerful, miniaturized electronics.