Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are a single, tightly organized layer of molecules that naturally form on a surface when exposed to a specific environment. These molecules have one end that strongly attaches to the surface, creating a uniform coating, while the other end can be designed to give the surface specific properties, such as being resistant to corrosion, attracting certain cells, or conducting electricity. SAMs are often used in electronics, sensors, and coating technologies to modify surface behavior precisely and efficiently without complex processing.