Scientific Revolutions (by Thomas Kuhn)

Thomas Kuhn's concept of Scientific Revolutions describes how science advances through periods of normal science, where researchers work within accepted theories, punctuated by revolutionary breaks that replace these theories. These paradigm shifts occur when accumulating anomalies—unexpected results that cannot be explained—lead the scientific community to question and eventually overturn existing frameworks. This process transforms scientific understanding, often dramatically changing how we see the world. Kuhn’s view emphasizes that scientific progress is not just steady discovery but involves discontinuous, transformative changes driven by shifts in prevailing ideas.