scientific instruments (including NGIMS and IUVS)

Scientific instruments are specialized tools used in space exploration to collect data about planets, atmospheres, and space environments. The NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) measures the composition and density of gases and ions in a planet’s atmosphere, helping scientists understand its structure and processes. The IUVS (Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph) captures ultraviolet light from celestial objects, revealing details about atmospheric composition, auroras, and other phenomena. Together, these instruments provide critical insights into planetary environments and help scientists study planetary atmospheres, surface interactions, and space weather in a detailed, non-intrusive way.