Science of wine

The science of wine involves understanding how grapes grow, how fermentation transforms sugars into alcohol, and how factors like climate, soil, and aging influence flavor and aroma. Yeast converts grape sugars into alcohol and other compounds, creating the wine's complexity. Winemakers control variables like temperature and acidity to shape the final product. Chemical reactions during aging develop nuances in taste, aroma, and texture. Overall, wine science combines biology, chemistry, and environmental science to craft and appreciate the diverse flavors and qualities in wine.