science and philosophy of science

Science is a systematic way of exploring the natural world through observation, experimentation, and evidence, aiming to understand how things work. Philosophy of science examines the foundational principles, assumptions, and methods behind scientific inquiry—questioning what counts as knowledge, how theories are justified, and the nature of scientific explanations. It helps clarify what distinguishes science from other ways of knowing and explores issues like objectivity, progress, and the limits of scientific understanding. Together, science provides practical knowledge, while philosophy of science offers critical reflection on its methods and concepts.