Schmidt decomposition

Schmidt decomposition is a mathematical tool used in quantum physics to analyze complex systems involving two particles or components. It expresses a combined state as a sum of simpler, correlated pairs, each represented by a unique pair of states with specific weights. This process reveals the degree of entanglement between the parts and simplifies understanding their joint behavior. Essentially, it breaks down a complicated, intertwined system into a collection of basic, correlated pieces, making it easier to study and quantify the relationships and shared properties within quantum systems.