Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838–1897) was a prominent 19th-century thinker and activist from Persia (Iran), known for promoting pan-Islamism and modernization. He believed that Muslims needed to unite globally to strengthen their societies and resist colonial powers. Al-Afghani traveled across the Middle East, Persia, India, and Europe, inspiring political and religious reform. His ideas emphasized the importance of scientific progress, education, and unity among Muslims to revive their civilization and sovereignty in a changing world. Despite debates about his origins and beliefs, he remains influential for advocating intellectual awakening and collective action among Muslim communities.