SAM (Self-Assembled Monolayers)

Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) are ultra-thin, ordered layers of molecules that spontaneously organize themselves on a surface. These molecules typically have a head group that binds strongly to the substrate and a tail that extends outward. Through this self-assembly process, SAMs form a uniform, functional coating that can modify the surface’s properties—such as making it more resistant to corrosion, altering its wettability, or attaching other materials. They are widely used in electronics, sensors, and biointerfaces to precisely control surface interactions at a molecular level.