Sabʾ (Saba)

Sabʾ, also known as Saba, was an ancient kingdom located in what is now Yemen, in the southern Arabian Peninsula. It was a wealthy trading civilization famous for controlling important incense and spice routes, and for its impressive architecture, including the famous Marib Dam. Saba thrived around 1000 BCE to 300 CE, and is often mentioned in biblical and historical texts. It played a significant role in regional commerce and culture, blending Arab and South Arabian influences. The civilization eventually declined due to environmental changes and political shifts, but remains notable for its contributions to ancient trade, engineering, and culture.