s-process

The s-process, or slow neutron-capture process, is a method by which elements heavier than iron are created inside stars. In this process, atomic nuclei capture neutrons gradually over time, allowing unstable isotopes to decay into stable ones before capturing more neutrons. This slow accumulation builds up heavier elements, like strontium or barium, primarily in aging stars such as red giants. The s-process plays a crucial role in cosmic element formation, contributing to the diversity of materials found throughout the universe. It operates under conditions where neutron capture happens more slowly than radioactive decay, shaping the chemical complexity of stars and planets.