S-layer proteins

S-layer proteins are specialized proteins that form a protective, crystalline layer on the surface of many bacteria and archaea. This layer, called the S-layer, acts like a shield, providing structural support and protection against environmental stressors, such as harmful chemicals, predators, and temperature changes. It also helps the microorganisms maintain their shape and can facilitate interactions with their surroundings, including attachment to surfaces. Composed of repeated protein units, the S-layer is highly organized and flexible, playing an essential role in the microorganism's survival and adaptation in diverse environments.