S = k log W

The formula \( S = k \log W \) expresses how entropy (S) — a measure of disorder or the number of ways a system can be arranged — relates to W, the total possible configurations of that system. Here, \(k\) is a constant defining the scale. Essentially, the more ways a system can be arranged without changing its overall appearance, the higher its entropy. This relationship links microscopic arrangements to the overall disorder, illustrating that greater possible configurations correspond to increased entropy, helping us understand the tendency of systems to move toward more probable, disordered states.