Rutherford's model

Rutherford's model describes the atom as having a tiny, dense nucleus at its center containing positively charged protons. Around this nucleus, negatively charged electrons orbit in various paths, similar to planets orbiting the sun. This model emerged after Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed most alpha particles passed through, but some were deflected, indicating a small, dense nucleus. It replaced earlier ideas of atoms being uniformly distributed matter, providing a clearer understanding of atomic structure and paving the way for modern atomic theory.