Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) was a conflict between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, mainly over independence efforts by Balkan nations and national rights for Slavs under Ottoman rule. Russia aimed to support Slavic and Christian groups seeking independence, while the Ottomans sought to maintain their empire. The war resulted in a Russian victory, leading to the Treaty of San Stefano and later the Treaty of Berlin, which significantly reduced Ottoman territories in Europe and granted independence or autonomy to several Balkan states. It marked a shift in power in southeastern Europe and contributed to regional instability.