Russian Cultural-Historical School

The Russian Cultural-Historical School is a theoretical approach in psychology that emphasizes the importance of cultural and social contexts in human development. It was developed primarily by Soviet psychologists like Lev Vygotsky, who believed that cognitive processes are shaped through interactions with society, language, and culture. Instead of viewing development as only biological or individual, this school highlights how cultural tools, historical experience, and social relationships influence learning, thinking, and behavior. Its insights underpin many educational practices and emphasize that human psychology cannot be separated from the cultural environment in which it occurs.