Russia’s Third Rome

Russia's concept of the "Third Rome" refers to the idea that Moscow became the spiritual and political successor to the Roman Empire (the First Rome) and the Byzantine Empire (the Second Rome). After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Russian leaders saw Moscow as the rightful protector of Orthodox Christianity and its traditions, positioning Russia as the new center of Christian authority and culture. This belief helped justify Russia’s growing power and influence, emphasizing its role as the guardian of Orthodox faith and civilization after the decline of the Roman and Byzantine empires.