Rumen microbiome

The rumen microbiome refers to the community of tiny microorganisms—such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa—that live in the stomach of ruminant animals like cows and sheep. These microbes help break down fibrous plant materials (like grasses) that the animals eat, converting them into nutrients the animal can absorb. This process is essential for their digestion and energy supply. The health and balance of these microorganisms influence the animal’s efficiency, milk production, and even environmental impacts like methane emissions. Overall, the rumen microbiome is vital for turning rough plant material into usable nutrients for ruminant livestock.