rules of inference

Rules of inference are logical steps used to derive valid conclusions from given statements or premises. They help ensure reasoning is consistent and valid, similar to following a recipe to produce a correct dish. For example, if you know "All humans are mortal" and "Socrates is human," you can infer "Socrates is mortal" using the rule called "modus ponens." These rules serve as logical tools that guide how we connect facts and make sound arguments, ensuring our reasoning is structured and reliable.