Rule 12 (motion to dismiss)

Rule 12 (motion to dismiss) allows a defendant to challenge a lawsuit before going to trial, arguing that even if all allegations are true, there’s no legal reason to proceed. Common grounds include lack of jurisdiction, failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted, or improper service. Essentially, it asks the court to dismiss the case early on, saving time and resources if the complaint is legally insufficient or fails to establish valid grounds for the lawsuit. It's a procedural tool to efficiently address cases that don't meet legal standards.