RT-PCR

RT-PCR, or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, is a laboratory technique used to detect specific RNA molecules, like those from viruses such as COVID-19. It first converts RNA into DNA using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Then, the DNA is amplified—copied repeatedly—using PCR, so even tiny amounts become detectable. This process allows scientists to identify whether the virus’s genetic material is present in a sample, providing a highly sensitive and accurate test for infection. RT-PCR is widely used in diagnostics because it can detect infections early, even when viral levels are low.