Rothbart

Rothbart’s theory of temperament explains how individuals differ in their innate emotional and behavioral responses. It focuses on three key traits: negative affect (tendency to experience negative emotions), extraversion/surgency (how active and outgoing someone is), and effortful control (ability to regulate attention and behavior). These traits develop early and influence how people react to their environment, approach challenges, and manage emotions. Understanding Rothbart’s model helps explain why people respond differently to similar situations, highlighting the biological basis of personality and emotional regulation.