Rosenbaum bag

A Rosenbaum bag is a concept used in statistics, specifically in observational studies, to understand how a hidden or unmeasured factor might influence the results. Think of it as a hypothetical bag containing a certain number of individuals with a particular trait you're interested in. Depending on how many individuals with that trait are in the bag, the likelihood of them being assigned to different groups (like treatment or control) can vary. This helps researchers assess how hidden factors might affect the validity of their conclusions, by exploring how strong such unmeasured influences would need to be to change the study's outcomes.